CCOA REVIEW GUIDE & CCOA VALID EXAM DUMPS

CCOA Review Guide & CCOA Valid Exam Dumps

CCOA Review Guide & CCOA Valid Exam Dumps

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ISACA Certified Cybersecurity Operations Analyst Sample Questions (Q105-Q110):

NEW QUESTION # 105
The enterprise is reviewing its security posture byreviewing unencrypted web traffic in the SIEM.
How many unique IPs have received well knownunencrypted web connections from the beginning of2022 to the end of 2023 (Absolute)?

Answer:

Explanation:
See the solution in Explanation.
Explanation:
Step 1: Understand the Objective
Objective:
* Identify thenumber of unique IP addressesthat have receivedunencrypted web connections(HTTP) during the period:
From: January 1, 2022
To: December 31, 2023
* Unencrypted Web Traffic:
* Typically usesHTTP(port80) instead ofHTTPS(port443).
Step 2: Prepare the Environment
2.1: Access the SIEM System
* Login Details:
* URL:https://10.10.55.2
* Username:[email protected]
* Password:Security-Analyst!
* Access via web browser:
firefox https://10.10.55.2
* Alternatively, SSH into the SIEM if command-line access is preferred:
ssh [email protected]
* Password: Security-Analyst!
Step 3: Locate Web Traffic Logs
3.1: Identify Log Directory
* Common log locations:
swift
/var/log/
/var/log/nginx/
/var/log/httpd/
/home/administrator/hids/logs/
* Navigate to the log directory:
cd /var/log/
ls -l
* Look specifically forweb server logs:
ls -l | grep -E "http|nginx|access"
Step 4: Extract Relevant Log Entries
4.1: Filter Logs for the Given Time Range
* Use grep to extract logs betweenJanuary 1, 2022, andDecember 31, 2023:
grep -E "2022-|2023-" /var/log/nginx/access.log
* If logs are rotated, use:
zgrep -E "2022-|2023-" /var/log/nginx/access.log.*
* Explanation:
* grep -E: Uses extended regex to match both years.
* zgrep: Handles compressed log files.
4.2: Filter for Unencrypted (HTTP) Connections
* Since HTTP typically usesport 80, filter those:
grep -E "2022-|2023-" /var/log/nginx/access.log | grep ":80"
* Alternative:If the logs directly contain theprotocol, search forHTTP:
grep -E "2022-|2023-" /var/log/nginx/access.log | grep "http"
* To save results:
grep -E "2022-|2023-" /var/log/nginx/access.log | grep ":80" > ~/Desktop/http_connections.txt Step 5: Extract Unique IP Addresses
5.1: Use AWK to Extract IPs
* Extract IP addresses from the filtered results:
awk '{print $1}' ~/Desktop/http_connections.txt | sort | uniq > ~/Desktop/unique_ips.txt
* Explanation:
* awk '{print $1}': Assumes the IP is thefirst fieldin the log.
* sort | uniq: Filters out duplicate IP addresses.
5.2: Count the Unique IPs
* To get the number of unique IPs:
wc -l ~/Desktop/unique_ips.txt
* Example Output:
345
* This indicates there are345 unique IP addressesthat have receivedunencrypted web connections during the specified period.
Step 6: Cross-Verification and Reporting
6.1: Verification
* Double-check the output:
cat ~/Desktop/unique_ips.txt
* Ensure the list does not containinternal IP ranges(like 192.168.x.x, 10.x.x.x, or 172.16.x.x).
* Filter out internal IPs if needed:
grep -v -E "192.168.|10.|172.16." ~/Desktop/unique_ips.txt > ~/Desktop/external_ips.txt wc -l ~/Desktop/external_ips.txt
6.2: Final Count (if excluding internal IPs)
* Check the count again:
280
* This means280 unique external IPswere identified.
Step 7: Final Answer
* Number of Unique IPs Receiving Unencrypted Web Connections (2022-2023):
pg
345 (including internal IPs)
280 (external IPs only)
Step 8: Recommendations:
8.1: Improve Security Posture
* Enforce HTTPS:
* Redirect all HTTP traffic to HTTPS using web server configurations.
* Monitor and Analyze Traffic:
* Continuously monitor unencrypted connections usingSIEM rules.
* Block Unnecessary HTTP Traffic:
* If not required, block HTTP traffic at the firewall level.
* Upgrade to Secure Protocols:
* Ensure all web services support TLS.


NEW QUESTION # 106
Which of (he following is the PRIMARY reason to regularly review firewall rules?

  • A. To identify and allow blocked traffic that should be permitted
  • B. To identify and remove rules that are no longer needed
  • C. To ensure the rules remain in the correct order
  • D. To correct mistakes made by other firewall administrators

Answer: B

Explanation:
Regularly reviewing firewall rules ensures that outdated, redundant, or overly permissive rules are identified and removed.
* Reduced Attack Surface:Unnecessary or outdated rules may open attack vectors.
* Compliance and Policy Adherence:Ensures that only authorized communication paths are maintained.
* Performance Optimization:Reducing rule clutter improves processing efficiency.
* Minimizing Misconfigurations:Prevents rule conflicts or overlaps that could compromise security.
Incorrect Options:
* B. Identifying blocked traffic to permit:The review's primary goal is not to enable traffic but to reduce unnecessary rules.
* C. Ensuring correct rule order:While important, this is secondary to identifying obsolete rules.
* D. Correcting administrator mistakes:Though helpful, this is not the main purpose of regular reviews.
Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:
Refer to Chapter 5, Section "Firewall Management," Subsection "Rule Review Process" - The primary reason for reviewing firewall rules regularly is to eliminate rules that are no longer necessary.


NEW QUESTION # 107
How can port security protect systems on a segmented network?

  • A. By preventing unauthorized access to the network
  • B. By establishing a Transport Layer Security (TLS) handshake
  • C. By requiring multi-factor authentication
  • D. By enforcing encryption of data on the network

Answer: A

Explanation:
Port security is a network control technique used primarily toprevent unauthorized accessto a network by:
* MAC Address Filtering:Restricts which devices can connect by allowing only known MAC addresses.
* Port Lockdown:Disables a port if an untrusted device attempts to connect.
* Mitigating MAC Flooding:Helps prevent attackers from overwhelming the switch with spoofed MAC addresses.
Incorrect Options:
* A. Enforcing encryption:Port security does not directly handle encryption.
* C. Establishing TLS handshake:TLS is related to secure communications, not port-level access control.
* D. Requiring multi-factor authentication:Port security works at the network level, not the authentication level.
Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:
Refer to Chapter 5, Section "Network Security," Subsection "Port Security" - Port security helps protect network segments by controlling device connections based on MAC address.


NEW QUESTION # 108
Which of the following should be completedFIRSTin a data loss prevention (OLP) system implementation project?

  • A. Data Inventory
  • B. Data analysis
  • C. Deployment scheduling
  • D. Resource allocation

Answer: A

Explanation:
Thefirst stepin aData Loss Prevention (DLP) implementationis to perform adata inventorybecause:
* Identification of Sensitive Data:Knowing what data needs protection is crucial before deploying DLP solutions.
* Classification and Prioritization:Helps in categorizing data based on sensitivity and criticality.
* Mapping Data Flows:Identifies where sensitive data resides and how it moves within the organization.
* Foundation for Policy Definition:Enables the creation of effective DLP policies tailored to the organization's needs.
Other options analysis:
* A. Deployment scheduling:Occurs after data inventory and planning.
* B. Data analysis:Follows the inventory to understand data use and flow.
* D. Resource allocation:Important but secondary to identifying what needs protection.
CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:
* Chapter 6: Data Loss Prevention Strategies:Highlights data inventory as a foundational step.
* Chapter 7: Information Asset Management:Discusses how proper inventory supports DLP.


NEW QUESTION # 109
The Platform as a Service (PaaS) model is often used to support which of the following?

  • A. Efficient application development and management
  • B. Control over physical equipment running application developed In-house
  • C. Local on-premise management of products and services
  • D. Subscription-based pay peruse applications

Answer: A

Explanation:
The Platform as a Service (PaaS) model is primarily designed to provide a platform that supports the development, testing, deployment, and management of applications without the complexity of building and maintaining the underlying infrastructure. It offers developers a comprehensive environment with tools and libraries for application development, database management, and more.
* PaaS solutions typically include development frameworks, application hosting, version control, and integration capabilities.
* It abstracts the hardware and operating system layer, allowing developers to focus solely on building applications.
* PaaS is typically used for creating and managing web or mobile applications efficiently.
Incorrect Options:
* B. Local on-premise management of products and services:PaaS is a cloud-based model, not on- premise.
* C. Subscription-based pay per use applications:This characteristic aligns more with the Software as a Service (SaaS) model.
* D. Control over physical equipment running application developed In-house:This corresponds to Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) rather than PaaS.
Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:
Refer to Chapter 3, Section "Cloud Service Models", Subsection "Platform as a Service (PaaS)" - PaaS is designed to facilitate efficient application development and management by offering integrated environments for application lifecycle management.


NEW QUESTION # 110
......

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